The Causes and Impacts of Youth Smoking on Hong Kong

Title: The causes and impacts of youth smoking on Hong Kong smoking young people’s quality of life |Content |Page | |Chapter 1 : Introduction |P. 3-4 | |Chapter 2 : Literature Review and Methodology |p. 5-11 | |2. 1 Literature Review | | |2. Methodology | | |2. 3 Limitations | | |2. 4 Chapter summary | | |Chapter 3 : Findings |p. 12-19 | |3. 1 Reasons of smoking among Hong Kong young people | | |3. Non-smokers’ view towards smoking | | |3. 3 Effects of smoking on smokers’ quality of life in the economic and social aspects | | |3. 4 Suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking | | |3. 5 The effectiveness of government measures in encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking | | |3. Chapter summary | | |Chapter 4 : Analysis and Discussion |p. 20-26 | |4. 1 The truth about youth smoking | | |4. 2 The effectiveness of government measures on encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking | | |4. 3 Suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking | | |4. Limitation of the study | | |4. 5 Areas for further study | | |4. 6 After thoughts | | |Bibliography |p. 27 | |List of Appendices |p. 8-43 | |Table of contents: | | |Summary table of the results of questionnaires | | |Questionnaire samples ( in Chinese and English versions) | | Chapter 1 : Introduction Smoking is not good for health and it smells bad. I want to know why some young people still smoke. Hong Kong government has passed some laws about banning smoking in indoor areas and some public areas such as parks.The government also shot some advertisement about quitting smoking, such as the smoke-free Hong Kong advertisement. I want to know whether these measures are effective in helping smokers to quit smoking. My grandfather died because of tuberculosis. He was a heavy smoker. I want to know how smoking affect people’s health. My uncle also has a smoking habit. I want to know some ways to help smokers to quit smoking through this Independent Enquiry Studies. The focus questions of my Independent Enquiry Studies are â€Å" Why do some Hong Kong young people start smoking? , â€Å"What are the non-smokers and smokers’ views towards smoking? †, â€Å" How does smoking affect Hong Kong young people’s quality of life in economic and social aspect? † and â€Å"What can we do to help the smokers to quit smoking? † In this Independent Enquiry Studies, â€Å"smoking† refers to the smoking of all forms of tobacco, including cigarette, cigar, hand rolled cigarette and pipe-smoking. â€Å"Hong Kong smoking young people† refers to Hong Kong residents aged 10-25 who at the time of doing the survey have a smoking habit, no matter what type of tobacco they smoked and their smoking pattern. People who smoked before and have now quitted smoking† refers to people who previously had a smoking habit for at least 1 month continuously. â€Å"Quality of life† refers to the degree of satisfaction in the material and s piritual aspects of life. There are 4 chapters in the Independent Enquiry Studies. Chapter 1 is Introduction. It includes the background of the Independent Enquiry Studies. Chapter 2 is Methodology. It includes the method of doing research in the Independent Enquiry Studies. Chapter 3 is Findings. It includes the findings of the research. Chapter 4 is Analysis.After analyzing the findings, I will suggest some possible answers to the focus questions. In the appendix, samples of questionnaires and a summarizing table of the findings are attached. Through the Independent Enquiry Studies, we should be able to gain knowledge of non-smokers view towards smoking, assess the effectiveness of government’s measures on helping and encouraging smokers to quit smoking and know some effective methods in helping smokers to quit smoking. Chapter 2 : Literature Review and Methodology 2. 1 Literature Review 2. 1. 1 Youth smokersAccording to the survey on Pattern of Smoking conducted by the Cen sus and Statistical Department during December 2007 to March 2008, 10500 people in Hong Kong aging from 15 to 19 smoked. 2. 4% of them are daily smokers. 107800 people in Hong Kong aging from 20 to 29 smoked. 15. 9% of them are daily smokers. The percentage of daily smokers was on a gradually decreasing trend over the past 15 years from 1993 to 2008. Average daily consumption of cigarettes of 15-19 smokers was 11 cigarettes in the survey conducted during Dec 2007-Mar 2008, while the average consumption of cigarettes of 20-29 cigarettes smokers was 12 cigarettes. 1] 2. 1. 2 Causes of youth smoking According to the survey on Pattern of Smoking conducted by the Census and Statistical Department during December 2007 to March 2008, 59. 8% of daily cigarette smokers started smoking because of â€Å"influence of friends†, 36. 7% â€Å"out of curiosity†. Other reasons included â€Å"necessity in social functions† (8. 1%), â€Å"influence of family members† (7. 8% ) , â€Å"easing tension† (4. 2%), â€Å"refreshing one’s mind† (3. 7%) and â€Å"killing time† (3. 4%). [2] 2. 1. 3 Impacts of youth smoking Many sources suggest that smoking can cause various diseases and hence has a negative impact on smoker’s health.On the website of Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, it suggests that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health. Smoking can cause different cancers, such as cancers of the mouth and throat, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer. Smoking also causes cardiac diseases, pulmonary and respiratory diseases and genital diseases, such as impotence in male smokers. [3], The website of Tobacco Control Office Department of Health also suggests that smoking is a causative agent of many fatal diseases and cancers.Smoking can cause disorders and problems such as impotence, infertility, wrinkling and halitosis. Smoking would also bring about socio-economical consequences. [4] 2. 1. 4 Methods of q uitting smoking The website of Tobacco Control Office Department of Health includes some tips and methods that can help smokers to quit smoking. When you start to quit smoking, you will still have urges to smoke. The urge will last for just a few minutes and you will be able to get over it. The website provides some methods to help smokers get over this urge.For example, when smokers have urges to smoke, they can try to divert their attentions to smoke by washing face, listen to music, etc. [5] 2. 2 Methodology Questionnaire will be employed to collect the data for the IES. There are many good points. 1. Quantitative Research Orientation 1. Scientific approach Quantitative researchers work on simplifying complicated social phenomena into measurable figures. After calculation, the researcher can know the general situation of different social phenomena and their interrelationships. 2. Objective approachThe personal opinions of respondents may affect their answers to some questions. Fo r example, when the respondents are asked whether the government policy is effective in tackling smoking, it is difficult to define effective. However, the researcher can use a more objective approach, such as when using literature review, the researcher can compare the number of smokers before and after the government policies are implemented. Assume there are 10000 people quit smoking after the banning smoking in restaurants. Some people may think that it is effective while some people may think that it is not effective.From this figure, we can know the actual situation. 3. Require less time and resources Instead of arranging a time doing interview with the respondents face-to-face, we can send the questionnaire to target respondents through mails. We may also upload the questionnaire online and invite respondents to answer the questionnaire through online forums and social-networking software and websites. 4. Can reach more respondents As the time required for each respondent to give response is shorter, there is more time to invite more respondents to give responses.Some people may be scared or shy when doing a face-to-face interview, a questionnaire is more suitable to these respondents. Since Hong Kong people are busy, many of them cannot arrange time for doing the interview. Sending a questionnaire to them enables them to answer when they have time. 1. Research Procedures The mini pilot questionnaire Before actual questionnaires were distributed, the researcher discussed the questionnaire with his teacher and classmates to ascertain whether the questions are understandable and sensible to the respondents.This also gives rough ideas of the suitability of wording and the appropriateness of the sequence of questions and the questions being asked. The questionnaires The researcher used online questionnaire at first to save time and resources between 1 February 2011 and 20 March 2011. However, the number of respondents was not satisfactory (237), while the t arget sample size was 300 and the researcher decided to distribute questionnaires directly in Causeway Bay on 27 March 2011. In the research, the researcher divided the respondents into three target groups, including non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers.Each target group had a unique set of questions in order to answer different focus questions in the research. The questions were provided with choices to make data analysis easier and save respondents’ time. Questionnaire questions Most of the questionnaire questions were provided with options and the option â€Å"others† for respondents to give answers that were not given in the options. There were a lot of options in the questions so as to cover most possible opinions of respondents. This surely saved respondent’s time in completing the questionnaire and the researcher can analyze the data easily.The questionnaire had both Chinese and English versions, so the respondents could understand the questions easily and give appropriate responses. Examples were also given after the some relatively difficult words to ensure the respondents understand the questions clearly. 1. Data Analysis Numerical expression of data In order to make the data comparable, all answers are arranged in different categories and both numbers of respondents choosing that option and the percentage of respondents choosing that option (only in questions that the respondents could only choose one option) were shown. . Limitations The questionnaires are distributed online and in the Causeway Bay, so people who do not live in Causeway Bay and cannot access to the internet cannot get the questionnaire. Therefore, the responses may be biased and confined. 3. Chapter Summary This chapter has given the theoretical framework for this research, including the literature review and methodology of this research. In this research, questionnaire was used mainly.To enhance readers’ understanding of the research, both the research p rocedure and data analysis with also its objective and scientific approach were included. Chapter 3: Findings In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the data collected through questionnaires. The research emphasizes on the causes and impacts of youth smoking on Hong Kong smoking young people’s quality of life. In 3. 1, there will be a discussion on the reasons why some Hong Kong young people start smoking. In 3. 2, the Hong Kong non-smoking young people’s view towards smoking will be investigated.In 3. 3, how smoking affects Hong Kong smoking young people’s quality of life in the economic and social aspects will be explored. In 3. 4, the researcher will attempt to give some suggestions to help Hong Kong smoking young people to quit smoking. In 3. 5, the researcher will give a discussion on the effectiveness of government measures on encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking. 3. 1 Reasons of smoking among Hong Kong young people The researcher h as distributed 100 questionnaires to Hong Kong smoking young people.As shown in figure 1, the reasons why some Hong Kong young people smoke are influence of friends (60%), curiosity (36%), influence of family members (8%), releasing pressure (8%) killing time (4%) and refreshing one’s mind (4%) |Options |Number of respondents | |Influence of friends |60 | |Influence of family members |8 | |Curiosity |36 | |Release pressure |8 | |killing time |4 | |refreshing one’s mind |4 |Figure 1: Summary table showing the reasons why some Hong Kong young people smoke 3. 2 Non-smokers’ view towards smoking The researcher has also distributed 100 questionnaires to Hong Kong non-smoking young people. As shown in figure 2, among 100 Hong Kong non-smoking young people, 95 of them do not like people who smoke, only 5 of them like people who smoke. [pic] Figure 2: a pie chart showing the general opinions of Hong Kong non-smoking young people on Hong Kong smoking young people As show n in figure 3, among the 5 Hong Kong non-smoking young people who like smoking people, all of them like people who smoke because they think that smoking people are attractive. 4 of them also like the smell of cigarettes. Options |Number of respondents | |Smoking people are attractive |5 | |I like the smell of cigarettes |4 | |Secondhand smoke is good for my health |0 | Figure 3: Summary table showing the reasons why some Hong Kong non-smoking young people like people who smoke. (they can choose more than 1 option) As shown in figure 4, among the 95 Hong Kong non-smoking young people, 80 of them dilikes people who smoke because they think that smoking people are not attractive. 85 of them hate the smell of cigarettes. All of them agrees that secondhand smoke is bad for their health,so they dislike people who smoke. Options |Number of respondents | |Smoking people are not attractive |80 | |I hate the smell of cigarettes |85 | |Secondhand smoke is bad for my health |95 | Figure 4: Summ ary table showing the reasons why some Hong Kong non-smoking young people dislike people who smoke (Respondents can choose more than 1 option) 3. 3 Effects of smoking on smokers’ quality of life in the economic and social aspects As shown in figure 5, among the 100 Hong Kong smoking young people, 9% of them spend $0-50 in buying cigarettes per week. 80% of them spend $51-100 in buying cigarettes per week. 11% of them spend $101-150 in buying cigarettes per week. So, smokers have a greater expense and thus smoking have a negative impact on smokers’ quality of life in the economic aspect. Options |Number of respondents |percentage | |$0-50 |9 |9% | |$51-100 |80 |80% | |$101-150 |11 |11% | |$151-200 |0 |0% | |$201-250 |0 |0% | |$251-300 |0 |0% | |$301-350 |0 |0% | |$350 or above |0 |0% | Figure 5: Summary table showing how much do Hong Kong smoking young people spend on buying cigarettes per weekAs shown in figure 2, 95% of Hong Kong non-smoking young people responded dis like people who smoke. This shows that smoking has adverse impacts on the relationship between smokers and non-smokers. Hence, smoking adversely affects smokers’ quality of life in social aspect. 3. 4 Suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking The researcher has conducted questionnaires with 100 ex-smokers in Hong Kong. As shown in figure 6, among 100 ex-smokers responded, all of them discarded all cigarettes and ashtrays to quit smoking. 80 of them used medications for quitting smoking. 90 of them tried to avoid staying in places where people smoke. 77 of them used smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics. Options |Number of respondents | |Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays |100 | |Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine |80 | |patch and nicotine gum) | | |Avoid staying in places where people smoke |90 | |Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking |77 | |cessation clinics | | Figure 6: Summary table showing what measure s ex-smokers took to quit smoking (Respondents can choose more than 1 option) 3. The effectiveness of government measures in encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking According to figure 7, 76 of the 100 ex-smokers responded decided to quit smoking because of the advice from health care professionals. 54 of them decided to quit smoking because of health reasons. 23 of them decided to quit smoking because of influence of friends. 59 of them decided to quit smoking due to influence of family members. 9 of them decided to quit smoking as requested by boss or teachers. 43 of them decided to quit smoking due to government policies. |Options |Number of respondents | |Health reasons (with advice from doctors/ other health care 76 | |professional) | | |Smoking is not good to my health |54 | |Influence of friends |23 | |Influence of family members |59 | |Requested by boss/ teachers |9 | |Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking |43 | |areas) | |Figure 7: Summary ta ble showing why ex-smokers decided to quit smoking ( Respondents can choose more than one option) 3. 6 Chapter summary With the aids of pie charts and tables, the chapter attempts to give a discussion on the reasons why some Hong Kong young people start smoking, the non-smokers’ views towards smoking, how smoking affect smokers’ quality of life in the economic and social aspects, the effectiveness of government measures in helping and encouraging the smokers to quit smoking and suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking. The main reasons why some Hong Kong young people start smoking are influence of friends and curiosity.Most Hong Kong non-smoking young people dislike people who smoke. Smoking has adverse impacts on smokers’ quality of life in both economic and social aspects. Government measures are effective in helping the smokers to quit smoking as 77 of the 100 ex-smokers responded used smoking cessation services provided by government smoking cessation cli nics. Government measures are not effective in encouraging the smokers to quit smoking since only 43 of the 100 ex-smokers responded quit smoking because of government policies such as expanding statutory no smoking areas. Further discussion and analysis are to be followed in chapter 4. Chapter 4: Analysis and DiscussionBased on the findings done in Chapter 3 and related studies, this chapter would discuss the causes of youth smoking, the impacts of youth smoking on Hong Kong smoking young people’s quality of life in the economic and social aspect, the effectiveness of government measures in encouraging and helping the smokers to quit smoking and further explore some methods to help smokers to quit smoking. 4. 1. The truth about youth smoking 4. 1. 1. The causes of youth smoking As said in chapter 3, the causes of youth smoking are influence of friends, curiosity, influence of family members, releasing pressure, killing time and refreshing one’s mind. To explain the ca uses of youth smoking, the following may serve as reference. †¢ Influence of friends In general, adolescents value the relationship with their friends.In order to have a good relationship with their peers, they will try their best to obtain their affirmation and acceptance. So, influence of friends is a main reason why some Hong Kong young people start smoking. †¢ Curiosity Nowadays, smoking scenes frequently appears on television and films. Hong Kong young people and children often see people smoking on the street. They may have a wrong concept that smoking people are cool. They begin to develop the curiosity to smoke. When there are some chances for them to start smoking, such as being invited by friends they are more likely to start smoking. †¢ Influence of family members In the childhood, parents are the idols of their children. Children tend to follow what their parents do.If children see their parents smoking, they will have a higher tendency to follow their par ents and start smoking. They will also have a higher curiosity towards smoking. Smoking parents is harder to stop their children from smoking because the parents themselves smoke, too. So, influence of family members is also one main cause of youth smoking. 4. 1. 2 The impacts of smoking on smokers’ quality of life As mentioned of chapter 3, smoking has adverse impacts on smokers’ quality of life in the economic and social aspect. The following will explain the impacts of smoking on smokers in details. †¢ In the economic aspect Smokers have to spend money on buying cigarettes.The government has recently increased the tobacco tax and worked hare to tackle contraband and counterfeit cigarettes problem. The prices of cigarettes therefore increases and smokers have to pay more on cigarettes. As shown in chapter 2, smoking is detrimental to health as it may lead to different cancers and other diseases such as infertility. So, smokers may be easier to get a disease and their medical expenses may increase. Therefore, smoking brings negative impacts on smokers’ quality of life in the economic aspect. †¢ In the social aspect As shown in chapter 3, most non-smokers dislike people who smoke. Therefore, smokers have a poor relationship with most non-smokers.Smokers have a poorer relationship with non-smokers and hence the social aspect of quality of life of smokers is negatively affected. On the other hand, smokers may have a better relationship with other smokers. For example, cigarettes are often used as gifts among businessmen in China. People can get recognition from other smokers by smoking. So, smokers have a better relationship with other smokers and hence smoking brings positive impacts on smokers’ quality of life in the social aspect. 4. 2. The effectiveness of government measures on encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking 4. 2. 1 The effectiveness of government measures Smokers are often addicted to cigarettes.They e xperience many withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit smoking, such as dizziness, headache and poor concentration. Therefore, it is difficult for smokers to quit smoking. As mentioned in chapter 3, the effectiveness of government measures on encouraging smokers to quit smoking is low. 2. The effectiveness of government measures on helping smokers to quit smoking As stated in chapter 3, many ex-smokers used smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics to quit smoking. This shows that government measures are effective in helping smokers to quit smoking. 2. Suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking It is difficult to quit smoking.However, smokers can use some methods adopted by most ex-smokers to quit smoking. Here are some examples. †¢ Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays †¢ Avoid staying in places where people smoke †¢ Using medications for quitting smoking ( such as nicotine patch and nicotine gun) 3. Limitation of the study First and foremost, the study involving 300 respondents for sampling may not be able to represent the opinions of non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers. The distribution of questionnaires are done online and in Causeway Bay, so people who do not have the access to the internet nor live in Causeway Bay may not get the questionnaire. Therefore, the responses may be biased and confined.Due to the limited resources, the researcher has already tried to work out the generalized pattern of people’s opinions towards smoking as much as possible. The researcher has also studied similar studies done by the government in a much larger scale. Hence, the reliability of the study can be increased. Time has always been a constraint to the researcher. So as to ensure the general trend of people’s opinions, the researcher has spent considerable time on analyzing the data and arranging them into summary tables and pie charts. 4. Areas for further study Despite the limitations, the study can hopefully uphold the complexity of the causes and impacts of youth smoking. This study has brought some insights to the policy makers in encouraging and helping Hong Kong smoking people to quit smoking.The following suggestions may also serve as good topics for further studies †¢ New methods to stop people from starting to smoke †¢ New methods of encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking by other stakeholders (besides the government and individuals) The rationale behind these suggestions is highly understandable. â€Å"Prevention is better than curing. † It is easier to stop people from starting to smoke than helping smokers to quit smoking because smokers are addicted to cigarettes. Therefore, looking for methods to encourage people not to start smoking is a more useful method to reduce the smoking population in Hong Kong. As stated in 4. 2. , the current government measures are not effective in encouraging smokers to quit smoking. Also, development of new cheaper and more co mfortable methods to quit smoking may encourage smokers to quit smoking. Therefore, a research on new methods to encourage and help smokers to quit smoking is contributive to reduce smoking population in Hong Kong. 5. Afterthoughts To the researcher’s belief, this study helps readers to gain knowledge of people’s view towards smoking and know some effective methods in helping smokers to quit smoking. This study has also assessed the effectiveness of government’s measures in encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking. Bibliography Books: Census and Statistical Department. Pattern of smoking†, Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics (Hong Kong, June 2009) Websites: Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health. â€Å"Risks? Active Smoking† http://smokefree. hk/en/content/web. do? page=ActiveSmoking (Retrieved on 17 April 2011) Tobacco Control Office Department of Health. â€Å"Smoking and Health† http://www. tco. gov. hk/english/infostation_sh. h tml (Retrieved on 17 April 2011) Tobacco Control Office Department of Health. â€Å"Quitting Smoking† http://www. tco. gov. hk/english/quittting/quitting_vcqs. thml (Retrieved on 17 April 2011) Appendix I Summary table of the results of the questionnaires For non-smokers 1. How old are you? Choices |Number of respondents | |10-15 |23 | |16-20 |45 | |21-25 |32 | 2. What is your sex? |Choices |Number of respondents | |Male |79 | |Female |21 | 3. Can you suggest some methods that you think that are effective in helping smokers quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays |100 | |Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine |90 | |patch and nicotine gum) | | |Avoid staying in places where people smoke |90 | |Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking |93 | |cessation clinics | | |Others(please state) |0 | 4. Do you like people who smoke? |Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes ( please go to question 5) |95 | |No (please go to question 6) |5 | 5. Why do you like people who smoke? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Smoking people are attractive |5 | |I like the smell of cigarettes |4 | |Secondhand smoke is good for my health |0 | |Others(please state) |0 | 6. Why do you hate people who smoke? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Smoking people are not attractive |80 | |I hate the smell of cigarettes |85 | |Secondhand smoke is bad for my health |95 | |Others(please state) |0 | 7. Do you have relatives or friends who smoke? Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes (please go to question 8) |63 | |No (Thank you for completing the survey) |37 | 8. Have you tried to persuade your relatives or friends to quit smoking? |Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes (please go to question 9) |27 | |No (Thank you for completing the survey) |26 | 9. After your persuasion, did your relatives or friends try to q uit smoking? Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes |8 | |No |15 | |I do not know |4 | For smokers 1. How old are you? |Choices |Number of respondents | |10-15 |3 | |16-20 |45 | |21-25 |52 | 2.How long have you been smoking? |Choices |Number of respondents | |1-3 years |63 | |4-6 years |19 | |7-10 years |15 | |10 years or above |3 | 3. Do you agree that smoking is bad to your health? Choices |Number of respondents | |Agree |92 | |Disagree |8 | 4. Do you agree that you are addicted to cigarettes? |Choices |Number of respondents | |Agree |87 | |Disagree |13 | 5. How many cigarettes you smoke per day? Choices |Number of respondents | |1-3 |12 | |4-6 |34 | |7-9 |40 | |10-12 |13 | |13-15 |1 | |16-18 |0 | |18-21 |0 | | 22 or above |0 | 6. How much do you spend on buying cigarettes per week? (Hong Kong Dollars) Choices |Number of respondents | |$0-50 |9 | |$51-100 |11 | |$101-150 |80 | |$151-200 |0 | |$201-250 | 0 | |$251-300 |0 | |$301-350 | 0 | |$350 or above |0 | ? $3 01-350 ? $350 or above 7. Where do your money buying cigarettes come from? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Work |44 | |Petty cash from family members |78 | |From illegal ways |0 | |Borrow from family members/friends |23 | |Others(please state) |0 | 8. Do you relatives or friends know that you smoke? Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes (please go to question 9) |67 | |No (please go to question 10) |33 | 9. Generally, do they support you to smoke? |Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes |13 | |No |33 | |I do not know |21 | 10. Why do you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) Choices |Number of respondents | |Influence of friends |60 | |Influence of family members |8 | |Curiosity |36 | |Release pressure |8 | |Killing time |4 | |refreshing one’s mind |4 | |Others(please state) |0 | 11. What are the bad effects of smoking on you? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |I am not welcomed |23 | |I am less healthy |92 | |Not enough money |30 | |Makes me ugly |43 | |Bad image |33 | |Poor relationship with relatives |37 | |Poor relationship with friends |29 | |Others(please state) |0 | 12. What are the good effects of smoking on you? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |I am welcomed |63 | |I am more healthy |8 | |I have more money |47 | |I am more handsome/beautiful |57 | |Good image |57 | |Better relationship with relatives |10 | |Better relationship with friends |70 | |Others(please state) |0 | 13. Have you tried to quit smoking? |Choices |Number of respondents | |Yes (please go to question 14) |20 | |No (Thank you for completing the survey) |80 | 14. Why did you quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care |3 | |professional) | | |Smoking is not good to my health |5 | |Influence of friends |2 | |Influence of family members |13 | |Requested by boss/ teachers |15 | |Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking |3 | |areas) | | |Others(please state) |0 | 15. What methods did you use to quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays |20 | |Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine |17 | |patch and nicotine gum) | | |Avoid staying in places where people smoke |18 | |Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking |18 | |cessation clinics | | |Others(please state) |0 | 16. Why did you fail to quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Not determined enough |20 | |Smoking has become a habit/favourite |20 | |Quitting smoking is suffering |20 | |Others(please state) |0 | For ex-smokers 1. How old are you? |Choices |Number of respondents | |10-15 |0 | |16-20 |15 | |21-25 |85 | 2. Why did you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) Choices |Number of respondents | |Influence of fr iends |83 | |Influence of family members |15 | |Curiosity |40 | |Release pressure |13 | |killing time |15 | |refreshing one’s mind |3 | |Others(please state) |0 | 3. Why do you quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) |Choices |Number of respondents | |Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care |76 | |professional) | | |Smoking is not good to my health |54 | |Influence of friends |23 | |Influence of family members |59 | |Requested by boss/ teachers |9 | |Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking |43 | |areas) | | |Others(please state) |0 | 4. What methods did you use to quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) |Options |Number of respondents | |Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays |100 | |Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine |80 | |patch and nicotine gum) | | |Avoid staying in places where people smoke |90 | |Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking |77 | |cessation clinics | | 5. What is the most important factor that help you to quit smoking successfully? Choices |Number of respondents | |Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care |76 | |professional) | | |Determination to quit smoking |100 | |Support from family member and/or friends |67 | |Requested by boss/ teachers |13 | |Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking |43 | |areas) | | |Others(please state) |0 | Appendix II Samples of Questionnaires ( ) 2007 10500? 15 19 , , 10 25 1. ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. ? ? ? ? 3. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 4. ( 5? ) ( 6? ) 5. ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 6. ( ) ? ? ? ? ( ) 7. ( 8? ) ( ) 8. ( 9? ) ( ) 9. ( ) , 2007 10500? 15 19 , , 10 25 1. ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. ? ? 3. ?1-3? ?4-6? ? 6-10? ? 10 4. 5. 6. ?1-3 ? 4-6 ? 7-9 ? 10-12 ? 13-15 ?16-18 ? 19-21 ? 22 7. ( ) ?$0-50 ? $51-100 ? $101-150 ? $151-200 ? $201-250 ? $251-300 ? $301-350 ? $350 8. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 9. ( 10? ) 11? ) 10. , 11. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 12. ( ) ? ? ? ? / ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 13. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 14. ( 15? ) ( ) 15. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ? ( ) ? ( ) 16. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 17. ( ) ? ? / ? ? ( ) ( ) , 2007 10500? 15 19 , , 10 25 2. ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. ? ? ? ? 3. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 4. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? / ? ? ? ( ) ? ( ) 5. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 6. ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) ? / ? ( ) Youth Smoking (non-smokers)Background Information In recent years, the number of youth smoking increases steadily. A survey in 2007 reveals that 10500 Hong Kong people aged 15-19 smoked. Through this survey, I want to identify the opinions of non-smokers and smokers towards smoking, the reasons why smokers smoke and how smoking affect smoker’s and non-smoker’s quality of life. This survey is only set for people aged 10-25 1. How old are you? ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. What is your sex? ? male ? female 3. Can you suggest some methods that you think that are effective in helping smokers quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine patch and nicotine gum) ? Avoid staying in places where people smoke ? Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics ? Others(please state) 4. Do you like people who smoke? ? Yes (please go to question 5) ? No (please go to question 6) 5. Why do you like people who smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Smoking people are attractive ? I like the smell of cigarettes ? Secondhand smoke is good for my health ? Others(please state) 6. Why do you hate people who smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Smoking people are not attractive ? I hate the smell of cigarettes ?Secondhand smoke is bad for my health ? Others(please state) 7. Do you have relatives or friends who smoke? ? Yes (please go to question 8) ? No (Thank you for completing the survey) 8. Have you tried to per suade your relatives or friends to quit smoking? ? Yes (please go to question 9) ? No (Thank you for completing the survey) 9. After your persuasion, did your relatives or friends try to quit smoking? ? Yes? No ? I do not know Thank you for completing the survey Youth Smoking (smokers) Background Information In recent years, the number of youth smoking increases steadily. A survey in 2007 reveals that 10500 Hong Kong people aged 15-19 smoked.Through this survey, I want to identify the opinions of non-smokers and smokers towards smoking, the reasons why smokers smoke and how smoking affect smoker’s and non-smoker’s quality of life. This survey is only set for people aged 10-25 1. How old are you? ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. How long have you been smoking? ? 1-3 years? 4-6 years? 7-10 years ? 10 years or above 3. Do you agree that smoking is bad to your health? ? Agree ? Disagree 4. Do you agree that you are addicted to cigarettes? ? Agree ? Disagree 5. How many cigarettes you smoke per day? ? 1-3 ? 4-6? 7-9? 10-12? 13-15? 16-18 ?18-21? 22 or above 6. How much do you spend on buying cigarettes per week? (Hong Kong Dollars) ? $0-50 ? $51-100 ? 101-150 ? $151-200 ? $201-250 ? $251-300 ? $301-350 ? $350 or above 7. Where do your money buying cigarettes come from? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Work ? Petty cash from family members ? From illegal ways ? Borrow from family members/friends ? Others(Please state) 8. Do you relatives or friends know that you smoke? ? Yes (please go to question 9) ? No (please go to question 10) 9. Generally, do they support you to smoke? ? Yes? No ? I don’t know 10. Why do you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Curiosity ? Release pressure ? killing time ? refreshing one’s mind ?Others(please state) 11. What are the bad effects of smoking on you? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? I am not welcomed ? I am less healthy ? Not enough money ? M akes me ugly ? Bad image ? Poor relationship with relatives ? Poor relationship with friends ? Others(please state) 12. What are the good effects of smoking on you? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? I am welcomed ? I am more healthy ? I have more money ? I have better relationship with relatives ? I am more handsome/beautiful ? good image ? I have better relationship with friends ? Others(please state) 13. Have you tried to quit smoking? ? Yes (please go to question 14) No (Thank you for completing the survey) 14. Why did you quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care professional) ? Smoking is not good to my health ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Requested by boss/ teachers ? Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking areas) ? Others(Please state) 15. What methods did you use to quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays ? Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine patch and nicotine gum) ? Avoid staying in places where people smoke Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics ? Others(please state) 16. Why did you fail to quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Not determined enough ? Smoking has become a habit/favourite ? Quitting smoking is suffering ? Others(please state) Thank you for completing the survey Youth Smoking (Ex-smokers) Background Information In recent years, the number of youth smoking increases steadily. A survey in 2007 reveals that 10500 Hong Kong people aged 15-19 smoked. Through this survey, I want to identify the opinions of non-smokers and smokers towards smoking, the reasons why smokers smoke and how smoking affect smoker’s and non-smoker’s quality of life.This survey is only set for people aged 10-25 1. How old are you? ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. Why did you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Curiosity ? Release pressure ? killing time ? refreshing one’s mind ? Others(please state) 3. Why do you quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care professional) ? Smoking is not good to my health ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Requested by boss/ teachers ? Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking areas) ? Others(Please state) 4.What methods did you use to quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays ? Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine patch and nicotine gum) ? Avoid staying in places where people smoke ? Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics ? Others(please state) 5. What is the most important factor that help you to quit smoking successfully? ? Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care professional) ? Determinati on to quit smoking ? Support from family member and/or friends ? Requested by boss/ teachers ? Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking areas) ?Others(Please state) Thank you for completing the survey ———————– [1] Census and Statistical Departmen

The Message Of The Gospel And The Truth Of God - 1576 Words

The world in which we live is filled with confusion. Many people have come to believe that there is no such thing as absolute truth, and have thereby adopted a mindset of fatalism and hopelessness. God intends that men should â€Å"have life, and that they might have it more abundantly† (John 10:10). The message of the Gospel and the truth of the Word of God alone can supply the sweet savor that our world hungers for. To fully understand God’s plan and purpose for humanity and grasp at the complexity of His divine nature, it is crucial that we understand the truth of God’s word as it is, and not simply as we have been told. Only by fortifying our minds with the pure milk of the Word may we hope to know the richness of life that God intended for humanity, and discern truth from falsehood, â€Å"that we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie i n wait to deceive† (Eph. 4:14). The Bible teaches that God reveals Himself by both general and specific means. Creation is the primary method of general revelation. â€Å"The heavens declare the glory of God† (Psalm 19:1a) to all people who can view His divine handiwork. The voice of creation speaks to all men â€Å"day unto day† (Psalm 19:2) and â€Å"there is no speech or language where their voice is not heard† (Psalm 19:3; Romans 10:18). God sometimes reveals Himself by specific means, such as in physical manifestation (Exodus 3; 19) andShow MoreRelatedNotes On Experiences With Scripture918 Words   |  4 Pagesstrengthens me; the knowledge and the truth found within the pages allows me the personal witness that God exists and loves me. The scriptures are the way we find the divinity of Christ, the good message of the gospel, and the ability to find direct revelation from past prophets and missionaries. Partially throughout my mission, I relied on the scriptures to lead and guide my teachings in the way the savior wanted his message portrayed. The ultimate message that Latter-Day Saints share with foreignRead MoreApologetics620 Words   |  3 Pagessome ways the Christian gospel is perceived in our culture? Christian gospel in many ways is perceived in this day and age are a lost word. People have the art of praying and staying faithful to the word of God. God provided us with all kinds of blessings and opportunities in life so that we can flourish and prosper. Also God took all our sin to the cross and forgave us for everything we done that was not right in his eyes. We need to also understand that there is only one God and we need to cherishRead MoreThe Church And The Community967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Church and The Community The mission of the church, to share the message of Jesus Christ with the world, has not changed, however, culture is constantly changing forcing the church to adapt its approach to fulfill its mission. There is no specific way to reach a culture with message, as long as the message is Christ. The church and its leaders face many challenges contextualizing the message within their specific community they aim to reach. Each community provides challenges and opportunitiesRead MoreThe New Testament Gospel By Matthew, Mark, Luke And John Form1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe four New Testament gospel books, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John form a conclusive and powerful portrait of Jesus Christ as the sent son of God. The four books are not in any way explaining the biography of Christ’s complete life, but rather trying to give the fundamental truth of Christianity, the great truths of the gospel and who Jesus really is. Each of the named gospel writers gives a clear and personal perspec tive of Christ as guided by the Holy Ghost and the themes that correspond to JesusRead MoreThe Bible Offers Plenty Of Messages About Love, Tolerance, Harmony, And Culture861 Words   |  4 Pages God created humanity; He loves all cultures equally. Lane does a great job explaining how God created diversity and embraces His people and the different types of worship. â€Å"God’s truths do not vary from culture to culture. However, the expression and communication within a particular culture will be shaped and influence by that culture.†(Lane, 2002, p. 136). The bible offers plenty of messages about love, tolerance, harmony, respect, and how important relationships are. The sinful nature of theRead MoreThe Gospels Of The New Testament1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Themes of the Four Gospels Introduction The Gospels of the New Testament are â€Å"ancient biographies focused primarily on an individual’s character. 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Ever since the creation of the world his eternal power and divine nature, invisible though they are, have been understood and seen through the things he has made.† I remember as a child in Sunday school that I was often taught about God by looking at naturalRead MoreWhat Qualities, Priorities And Values Of Jesus And God Do These Parables Underscore?1685 Words   |  7 Pagestelling the ageless story to this generation. Please write out your answers to this first set of questions before doing any of the reading. Read Luke 15. What qualities, priorities and values of Jesus and God do these parables underscore? Some of the Qualities, Priorities and Values of Jesus/ God highlighted in these parables are: Qualities: Love (15:4,20), Concern (15:4), Care(15:5,22), Commitment (15:4,8), Respect (15:12), Compassion (15:4,20), and Generosity(15:22,23,31,32). Priorities: Personal

Who Killed Jay Gatsby - 1123 Words

The True Killer of Jay Gatsby Jay Gatsby lies dead, sprawled across the floatie in his pool. But whose fault is it when the question question of responsibility comes up? At the end of the story The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby, formerly known as James Gatz, is murdered. George Wilson is the gunman who took Gatsbys and his own life at the end of the story. However, is Wilson really to blame for Gatsbys death? With many people in the story who affect his life and his decisions, there is greater texture to the original question then noticed at first. There are many elements that contribute to the murder of Gatsby. It is clear that someone other than Mr. Wilson bears greater responsibility for this crime. Daisy Buchanan,†¦show more content†¦When Gatsby asked nick â€Å"want to go with me[hydroplaning], old sport?... Any time that suits you best†(Fitzgerald, ). Nick just was easily influenced and admires him so much that he couldn’t say no. Even when Gatsby asked Nick to have tea with Daisy, Nick said it was no problem, without hesitation.These are not the qualities of a man who is truly a killer. Anyone that can be easily manipulated as easy as that doesnt have the power to corrupt someones mind enough to get them killed. Tom Buchanan is a strong, powerful, and forceful picture of a man who cares only about himself. He first meets Gatsby in the second half of the book because Gatsby is trying to steal daisy from him. Although Tom is a powerful rich man he is also a coward. He told George â€Å"The yellow car that I was driving this afternoon wasnt mine†(Fitzgerald, 140). There were many more ways for tom to give out the information, from turning it to the police or for waiting for george to ask him. Even though Tom offers George false information, eventually leading him to Gatsbys home, he is still less culpable than others. Toms actions were unwarranted and could have been avoided. This is because his wife was the person who tempted Gatsby first. Daisy is one of the socially eccentric characters who is most responsible for Gatsbys death even though she did not pull the trigger largely because of her carelessness with the people around her. There are many points inShow MoreRelatedAffairs, Wealth, and Murder in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby638 Words   |  3 Pages In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald tells about affairs, describes wealth, and tells about Murder. There are three different murders in The Great Gatsby. An automobile hit and killed Tom’s mistress, Myrtle’s companion shot Jay Gatsby, and Wilson committed suicide. Most of these murders happened as a consequence of the love affairs that happened throughout the book. Two love affairs in particular are a cause for all three of these murders. One was Tom Buchannan and Myrtle Wilson and the other was DaisyRead MoreAffairs, Wealth, and Murder in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1545 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald tells about affairs, describes wealth, and tells about murder. There are three love affairs. One is Gatsby and Daisy and the other is Tom and Myrtle. Daisy cheats on Tom with Gatsby, Tom cheats on Daisy with Myrtle, and Myrtle cheats on her husband with Tom. In the end Tom and Daisy find out that they are cheating on each other. They blame ever ything on Gatsby and end up leaving town to get away from all the troubles they produced. One of the main love affairs wouldRead MoreAspirations And Greatness : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby 1436 Words   |  6 PagesAspirations and Greatness; The Case of Jay Gatsby Dedication and tenacity are examples of attributes that allow one to accomplish a societal label for effort shown towards attaining goals and dreams. Through his work The Great Gatsby, F.Scott Fitzgerald used the protagonist, Jay Gatsby, to demonstrate the American Dream and greatness. Gatsby was a mysterious character, commonly mistaken as a mere criminal; but actually, he was a victim of his perseverance and the American Dream. Despite his criminalRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1346 Words   |  6 Pages and polluted Valley of Ashes? James Gatz hidden behind the name of Jay Gatsby was a â€Å"destined man† according to Nick. The bond market on Wall Street frustrated Nick and doctor visits were a daily for Carraway, which gave him the opportunity to write about his admirations of Jay. The luscious parties, endless alcohol, â€Å"beautiful little fools†, and well Nick Carraway ‘s company made for the summer of 1922 in West Egg. Jay Gatsby, a man of superior wealth and somewhat loneliness was searching for hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By William Shakespeare1055 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgerald explores the similar dominance of love in his novel The Great Gatsby. Comparable to Romeo and Juliet many characters in The Great Gatsby exploit their marriage in order to be with another lover. In The Great Gatsby the desire for love of an outside companion to one s marriage inevitably generates misery in the lives of those who partake. Throughout The Great Gatsby, Myrtle Wilson, Daisy Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby and all experience agony from committing or contributing to affairs. TheseRead MoreCharacter Analysis of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1022 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Nick Carroway was a great narrator for The Great Gatsby because he was so unbiased and open-minded to the world. He was tolerant and an attentive listener to whoever was speaking. He represented a quiet, tolerant, and reflective man from the Midwest during the 1920’s. I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one, and yet to avoid all eyes. (15), this quote expresses Tom’s quiet feature and how he wants to avoid all unnecessary attention. 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Scott Fitzgerald creates between Jay Gatsby and Jesus of Nazareth from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Christensen explains that Fitzgerald once wrote a letter to his friend, John Jamieson, explaining that he was going to write the story of Jay Gatsby’s youth, but he did not because he wanted to maintain theRead MoreJay Gatsbys Involuntary Suicide1425 Words   |  6 PagesNo, obliviously Jay Gatsby did not commit suicide, at least not in the literal or physical sense. Many characters in the novel The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, played roles in the death of Gatsby, but none greater than the role played by Gatsby himself. Gatsby lived a life based entirely upon two things: achieving the American Dream and Daisy Buchanan. It is understandable for a young man such as Gatsby to attempt to search and work towards gaining the American Dr eam. However, theRead MoreThe Villain Of Gatsby By F. 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Gambling on the Game Losing to Win (or not) - 1156 Words

The 1919 fix of the World Series by the Chicago White Sox against the Cincinnati Reds was one of the most infamous events in the history of American sport. Though it was not the first (nor was it likely the last) fix in the game’s history, it had a far greater negative impact on the game’s perception throughout America than any other preceding or proceeding fix. Americans were forced to come to grips that their game—America’s game—was flawed, and that its reputation had been compromised by a few people chasing the almighty dollar. As Eliot Asinof said in a 1988 interview and as he portrayed in his Eight Men Out, however, the eight players who came together to throw the series were not out to ruin the game they loved. It was not that†¦show more content†¦More than any other single outside force, he was the reason his players put their careers on the line. With his star players in their primes, at the height of their earning power, Commy stil l justified paying his best players about half of what other owners paid their top guys. Even players on teams in the league cellar were making comparable sums. When his team won the pennant in 1917, for which he had promised them a bonus, he gave them a case of champagne, and when Eddie Cicotte neared thirty victories for the season, for which he would have been due a $10,000, Comiskey sat him down to ensure he did not reach the figure. The movie represented these as occurrences from the 1919 season (and also represented the champagne as flat), and even though that was inaccurate, it still got across the point that Comiskey was unwilling to spend money to keep his pennant-winning team happy. Thus, when the opportunity came for the ballplayers nearly to double or even triple their salaries, they took advantage, especially after nearly striking for better pay in mid-season (another aspect the movie glossed over). The gamblers swooped in and did what they always did by taking advanta ge of others, manipulating their situation for profit. Even though these eight ballplayers were in error, their motivations for fixing the World Series were clear, and in some ways, quite logical. Ultimately, in a tragic twist of fate, theShow MoreRelatedWhat A Stealth Gambling System1163 Words   |  5 Pagesis to ask what a stealth gambling system is. This refers to winning money in a casino without drawing too much attention to yourself. I first began developing an approach to casino gambling after many losing trips to Las Vegas from my home in California. In fact, I don t remember having a single winning trip. 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A person who gambles for the sheer urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop is considered to have gambling addiction or ludomania. A person with ludomania loves the rush of a win over everything else in life. The addiction causes the person to choose the excitement over responsibility. Families, jobsRead More Gambling and the Brain1523 Words   |  7 PagesGambling and the Brain Why do gamblers bet more after they just lost a hand? Why do investors throw good money after bad? Why do people believe that a string of losses makes a win more likely? Why do so many people say that they will win their money back in the next hand? Is part of the appeal of gambling its unpredictability? Or do we just look at it as a way to get rich quick? The answer to these questions may lie in the science of the brain. Some studies indicate that gamblers bet moreRead MoreThe Rules of Playing Online Roulette641 Words   |  3 Pagestechnology has made online gambling one of the lucrative business on the Internet. When people are sitting free and are looking for something fun-filled to do, online gambling can certainly help. There are so many games available to play but when you are looking for something interesting then online roulette should be the game you should opt for. It is one of the most widely played games in land-based casinos and at online casinos. Here we discuss the r ules and the ways of how this game is played. The rulesRead MoreHow Does And Probability Make You Win Money On Blackjack? Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe research question for this internal assessment is: How does and probability make you win money on Blackjack? Blackjack is the most common gambling game at casinos around the world. The aim of this game is to get as close to 21 without going over. You play against the dealer. 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Sports have always been a way to connect us to our past and to build optimism about the future. Sport’s a way to bond the people despite differences in race, age and gender. However, today the game that is supposed to teach character, discipline and team work is teaching cheating. And in today’s world, with fame, endorsement, drugs and so much to gain, it is not surpri sing that athletes are cheating in sports. Cheating in sports is not new thing;

Free Enterprise in United States Free Essays

â€Å"Work hard, save your money, and you can become wealthy – or, at least, â€Å"independent! † This is the motto of old-fashioned, â€Å"free enterprise. † It expresses the idea that everybody in a capitalist society can participate and compete on the same terms with similar chances of success. It implies that the working class is just a collection of individuals who have not yet established their independence (worked their way up) through â€Å"individual initiative,† rather than a being permanent class. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Enterprise in United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early 19th Century, most Americans (including Abraham Lincoln, for instance) believed this. They thought opportunities under capitalism would keep expanding forever. But what is the reality behind this capitalist thinking? In the past, working people in America have had more opportunity to go into business or to get land for farming than anywhere else in the developed world. At the time the U. S. Constitution was written, it was generally assumed that only property owners should have the right to vote and participate in government. The â€Å"Free Labor† thinking of the Republican Party before the Civil War was basically a form of the capitalist work ethic. It meant that if 1) you were free yourself; 2) your country was â€Å"free†; and, 3) there was no slave labor to take your livelihood, you could â€Å"make something of yourself,† and become a capitalist or, at least, an independent producer, professional or artist. Americans in the North at that time were influenced by this capitalist â€Å"work-ethic† to under-estimate the energy of the South. They thought (as the capitalist â€Å"work-ethic† would lead them to believe) that the poverty and economic decline of the South were probably due to laziness and that this indicated that the North should be able to easily defeat the South. But the Civil War proved that Southerners were not â€Å"lazy;† it was the slave system (lacking science and industry) that caused many of the economic problems there. The capitalist â€Å"work-ethic† also caused Northerners to overlook the only chance for real progress in the South during the â€Å"Reconstruction† — taking of the lands of former slave-owners, and their distribution to Blacks and poor Whites. They assumed, as did Abraham Lincoln, that anyone with ambition would simply work his way up. They could not understand that capitalism naturally limited opportunities, because the majority would have to be workers, not capitalists. With no land or other economic basis to start from, most workers in the South would have no way of lifting themselves from poverty. Strong competition with other capitalists, who are constantly trying to gain a larger market by offering a cheaper product, forces the beginner to keep putting everything back into his business. He must invest in more modern equipment in order to be able to produce more cheaply with higher quality, and on a larger scale. He must do this in order to improve his product or services, and also capture a larger share of the market, until he has reached a level where there is no immediate threat of being put out of business by his competition. This means having the most modern machinery and getting the most productivity out of his workers. This huge need for capital also forces the capitalist to rely more and more on third parties. Making the capitalist borrow from banks to keep his capitol at a safe amount. They simply hire employees to make all the management decisions, design and develop the product, etc. Free enterprise† thinking forgets that a worker has only his labor-power to sell in order to earn his living. He competes with other workers to sell his labor-power at the cheapest price. The average price of labor-power (the worker’s wages) is the amount that it takes to â€Å"make ends meet† under the given social settings in a country. The laws of economics determine that if the worker works faster, he creates a cheaper product. But this eventually cheapens the amount which the capitalist must pay him in wages because there are always unemployed workers somewhere willing to work for the bare necessities. Working faster increases competition without increasing their earnings. Because of these realities, workers learn to â€Å"work smart† according to their own understanding. Working smart for the worker means withholding his labor power, working more slowly and learning the tricks of the trade, better known as bargaining. These things raise the price of his labor-power. This in turn forces the capitalist to concentrate more on improving productivity through better machinery and production processes in order to increase his profits. How to cite Free Enterprise in United States, Essay examples

Bill Gates Essay Research Paper He is free essay sample

Bill Gates Essay, Research Paper He is the richest adult male in the universe. His former friends, who are now his enemies, hatred to even hear The Digital World of Bill Gates his name. His company wants to be with you in your office, your auto, and even your kitchen. His name is Bill Gates. There is a batch more to Bill Gates than being the richest adult male in the universe. He is one of the people responsible for puting off the computing machine revolution, and by making that, he every bit changed the manner world lives everlastingly. Who is Bill Gates? Most people do non even know what it is that he does. This paper will speak about Bill Gates # 8217 ; beginnings in computing machines, his pioneering in the computing machine industry, the creative activity of Microsoft, and his extraordinary wealth.. William Henry Gates, III was born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He was the in-between kid of three Borns to William and Mary Gates. William was a attorney and Mary was a socialite parttime instructor. Trey, as he was called because of the III, was sent to a private school by his parents. At age 13, Bill had wholly taught himself programming after taking a computing machine survey category at Lakeside School ( an expensive private school in Seattle ) . Within a twelvemonth, he and a adult male by the name of Paul Allan formed the Lakeside Programmer # 8217 ; s Group. The group was commissioned by the town to make a traffic-monitoring plan. They constructed an application called Traf-o-Data that calculated the figure of autos going down a route and would so give the best timing for a brake light. In 1970, Bill # 8217 ; s parents stated that he was going excessively addicted to computing machines and made him give up his compulsion. With the same enthusiasm he had placed into computing machines, he dove into his high school categories, accomplishing better than he of all time had before. Even though he tried to be # 8220 ; normal # 8221 ; in high school, he was still really much considered an castaway to those who did non cognize him. They thought of him as narcissistic and nerdy. However, those who did cognize him thought of him as energetic and a hazard taker. After hiting a perfect 800 on the mathematics half of the SAT, he graduated from Lakeside School and enrolled at Harvard University as a pre-law major. As a pupil here, Gates was phenomenal. He received an A in an economics category without even go toing and he crammed the dark before the concluding test. In June 1975, Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard to prosecute a calling in computing machines full clip. His best friend throughout life has been Paul Allan. Subsequently, it would be these two work forces who created the multi-billion dollar company, Microsoft. While still at Harvard Bill had been working on a new plan he called # 8220 ; BASIC # 8221 ; ( Beginner # 8217 ; s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code ) , a new scheduling linguistic communication. He subsequently purchased a merchandise and rights to a radical new disc operating system called 86-QDOS from Seattle Computer Products and changed the name to MS-DOS. He so resold the merchandise for net income. Keeping the rights, he got to have royalties in add-on to the sale monetary value of MS-DOS. Even today, net incomes are still coming in from the sale of the original 86-QDOS. Subsequently in the life of Microsoft, Bill Gates developed a new Graphical User Interface for a disc operating system. He called it Windows. The first two versions earned him a little sum of money, but the major kitty came from the ulterior versions, such as Windows 3.1, Windows 95, and now Windows 98. This new graphical manner was frequently imitated but none so far have had the remaining power Windows has. Not merely has Bill Gates changed the computing machine market for persons, but with Windows NT ( a version of Windows geared for networking in the concern environment ) , he has focused in on the concern universe every bit good. As of April 12, 1999, Bill Gates is deserving one hundred five billion dollars. This underestimates Bill Gates # 8217 ; wealth because it merely counts his retentions of Microsoft stock as of 1995 ( it is assumed if he has sold stock since so he has invested it in assets that perform about every bit good as Microsoft ) . The autos, houses, choppers, aircraft bearers, islands, and little European states that he bought before 1995 are non included. Bill Gates is the richest adult male in the universe, and looking at his house, it shows. There was about five 100 thousand pess of timber used for his house, all of it being five hundred year-old Douglas Fir, sanded to a satin coating. The five estates have been planted with native trees including Douglas Fir, alder and maple, all kept in their natural visual aspect. Since the house is in an temblor part, the full foundation is concrete. All the roofing in his house is unstained steel. The house is located in Medina, Washington and is at an estimated cost of $ 100 million dollars, which is less than one per centum of his quarterly net incomes. Features of the house include a twenty-seat theatre with a popcorn machine, a one 1000 square pes dining room, and a two thousand three hundred square foot response hall with a 22 pes picture show, made out of 24 separate forty-inch projection telecastings. There is besides a nine hundred square foot multi-purpose room, which was originally intended to be an art gallery. He has three separate garages, one of which holds 30 autos. It is a immense six thousand three hundred square pess. His exercising installation includes a sweat room, steam room, and a trampoline room with a twenty-foot ceiling. Gates discoveries resiling good for concentration, as others find swaying in a chair the same manner. There is besides a three thousand nine hundred square pes indoor pool that # 8217 ; s connected to an out-of-door pool via a glass ceiling that you can swim under to make either side. The pool besides has its ain underwater music system. Attached to his piece of land that touches Lake Washin gton is a boathouse and besides a semisynthetic beach with imported driftwood. A billionaire # 8217 ; s sign of the zodiac would non be complete without a library. Gates hired a New York rare books store to stock up his two thousand one hundred square pes library. It is domed, has a hearth and two secret swiveling bookshelves, buttocks is concealed some of his secret hoarded wealths. One of which, being the sixteenth-century notebook of Leonardo district attorney Vinci he purchased for 30 million dollars. One of his favourite books is The Great Gatsby, and around the base of the library he has inscribed the last line from the novel, # 8220 ; He had come a long manner to this bluish lawn and his dream must hold seemed so near he could barely neglect to hold on it # 8221 ; , possibly because he found it suiting to his ain life. The bosom of the house is the engineering. There are stat mis of communicating overseas telegrams, which are for computing machine waiters. Upon come ining the house, occupants and invitees wear an electronic pin programmed with things such as favourite music, art, and telecasting shows. Located in assorted suites are wall shows that scan the pin and get down playing the individual # 8217 ; s favourite music, telecasting show, or expose their favourite art on picture screens in the room. The pin besides controls the clime of the room and merely allows the phone nearest the individual to ring. Bill Gates is non any ordinary individual. He is a dreamer that wants to win. He will non set up with anything other than flawlessness. At the start of the computing machine revolution, he was told that his vision of a computing machine for the place was merely capricious. Bill Gates worked difficult to make the top, and turn out everyone incorrect. Moritz, Charles. William Gates Current Biography. H.W. Wilson Company: New York, NY, 1991. Pp. 237-241. Hypertext transfer protocol: //webho.com/WealthClock Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teamgates.com Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/4211/bill-faq.com Isaacson, Walter. In Search of the Real Bill Gates. Time Magazine, January 13, 1997. Pp. 46-47.

Silver or Lead Essay Example

Silver or Lead Essay Drug War Marie Javdanis Plata o Plomo:Silver or Lead tells a story of how the United States attempts to fght the war on drugs. Her point of view shows us how the drug trade effects families and individual people on both sides. Our government tries to fght too much from the wrong side as Javdani tells us In an attempt to find the quickest way around a complicated problem, each year the United States sends billions in aid dollars every year to the governments of Latin American drug source countries (403). This statement by Javdani shows Just how lopsided the war on drugs s. Our government believes if we bring the fght to the source, we can stop the drugs from coming into our country and therefore win the drug war. As Javdani tells us, this is not the best approach as most landowners in these Latin American countries do not have a choice of whether or not their land is cultivated for drugs. Drug lords control vast areas of these Latin American countries with impunity. Our aid dollars and military equipment are not enough for these governments to secure the country sides for their citizens, lack of training and support for law enforcement ombined with widespread government corruption ensure that the majority of our aid dollars to these countries fail to stop the drug flow. The appetite for drugs in the United States fuels the drug trade. Our government could achieve better results if we educated children early and consistently, treated people with addictions, and toughened the drug laws in our country. We will never eradicate drugs in our country, but we can lessen the effects they present by looking at the problems caused here by our demand for them instead of trying to control what people do in another country. We will write a custom essay sample on Silver or Lead specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Silver or Lead specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Silver or Lead specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer